The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published online 14 July 2003 doi:10.1084/jem.20021937
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© Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2003/7/315 $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 198, Number 2, 315-324

OX40 (CD134) Controls Memory T Helper 2 Cells that Drive Lung Inflammation

Shahram Salek-Ardakani1, Jianxun Song1, Beth S. Halteman1, Amha Gebre-Hiwot Jember1, Hisaya Akiba2, Hideo Yagita2 and Michael Croft1

1 Division of Immunochemistry, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Immunochemistry, San Diego, CA 92121
2 Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan

Address correspondence to M. Croft, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Immunochemistry, 10355 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA 92121. Phone: 858-678-4510; Fax: 858-558-3525; E-mail: mick{at}liai.org

Asthma is caused by memory Th2 cells that often arise early in life and persist after repeated encounters with allergen. Although much is known regarding how Th2 cells develop, there is little information about the molecules that regulate memory Th2 cells after they have formed. Here we show that the costimulatory molecule OX40 is expressed on memory CD4 cells. In already sensitized animals, blocking OX40–OX40L interactions at the time of inhalation of aerosolized antigen suppressed memory effector accumulation in lung draining lymph nodes and lung, and prevented eosinophilia, airway hyperreactivity, mucus secretion, and Th2 cyto-kine production. Demonstrating that OX40 signals directly regulate memory T cells, antigen-experienced OX40-deficient T cells were found to divide initially but could not survive and accumulate in large numbers after antigen rechallenge. Thus, OX40–OX40L interactions are pivotal to the efficiency of recall responses regulated by memory Th2 cells.

Key Words: OX40 • asthma • memory T cells • Th2 • allergy


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