Original Article

Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3 Is Expressed at Inflamed Epithelial Surfaces and Is the Most Potent Chemokine Known in Attracting Langerhans Cell Precursors

Correspondence to: Christophe Caux, Schering-Plough, 27 chemin des Peupliers, BP 11, 69571 Dardilly, France. Tel:33-4-72-17-27-00 Fax:33-4-78-35-47-50 E-mail:christophe.caux{at}spcorp.com.

Dendritic cells (DCs) form a network comprising different populations that initiate and differentially regulate immune responses. Langerhans cells (LCs) represent a unique population of DCs colonizing epithelium, and we present here observations suggesting that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3 plays a central role in LC precursor recruitment into the epithelium during inflammation. (a) Among DC populations, MIP-3 was the most potent chemokine inducing the selective migration of in vitro–generated CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cell–derived LC precursors and skin LCs in accordance with the restricted MIP-3 receptor (CC chemokine receptor 6) expression to these cells. (b) MIP-3 was mainly produced by epithelial cells, and the migration of LC precursors induced by the supernatant of activated skin keratinocytes was completely blocked with an antibody against MIP-3. (c) In vivo, MIP-3 was selectively produced at sites of inflammation as illustrated in tonsils and lesional psoriatic skin where MIP-3 upregulation appeared associated with an increase in LC turnover. (d) Finally, the secretion of MIP-3 was strongly upregulated by cells of epithelial origin after inflammatory stimuli (interleukin 1ß plus tumor necrosis factor ) or T cell signals. Results of this study suggest a major role of MIP-3 in epithelial colonization by LCs under inflammatory conditions and immune disorders, and might open new ways to control epithelial immunity.

Key Words: dendritic cell, chemokine, migration, regulation, in vivo expression

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Muller, V., Viemann, D., Schmidt, M., Endres, N., Ludwig, S., Leverkus, M., Roth, J., Goebeler, M. (2007). Candida albicans Triggers Activation of Distinct Signaling Pathways to Establish a Proinflammatory Gene Expression Program in Primary Human Endothelial Cells. J. Immunol. 179: 8435-8445 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hirota, K., Yoshitomi, H., Hashimoto, M., Maeda, S., Teradaira, S., Sugimoto, N., Yamaguchi, T., Nomura, T., Ito, H., Nakamura, T., Sakaguchi, N., Sakaguchi, S. (2007). Preferential recruitment of CCR6-expressing Th17 cells to inflamed joints via CCL20 in rheumatoid arthritis and its animal model. JEM 204: 2803-2812 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hovav, A.-H., Panas, M. W., Rahman, S., Sircar, P., Gillard, G., Cayabyab, M. J., Letvin, N. L. (2007). Duration of Antigen Expression In Vivo following DNA Immunization Modifies the Magnitude, Contraction, and Secondary Responses of CD8+ T Lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 179: 6725-6733 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomimori, K., Uema, E., Teruya, H., Ishikawa, C., Okudaira, T., Senba, M., Yamamoto, K., Matsuyama, T., Kinjo, F., Fujita, J., Mori, N. (2007). Helicobacter pylori Induces CCL20 Expression. Infect. Immun. 75: 5223-5232 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shaykhiev, R., Bals, R. (2007). Interactions between epithelial cells and leukocytes in immunity and tissue homeostasis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 1-15 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zoller, M., Gupta, P., Marhaba, R., Vitacolonna, M., Freyschmidt-Paul, P. (2007). Anti-CD44-mediated blockade of leukocyte migration in skin-associated immune diseases. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 57-71 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Phadke, A. P., Akangire, G., Park, S. J., Lira, S. A., Mehrad, B. (2007). The Role of CC Chemokine Receptor 6 in Host Defense in a Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175: 1165-1172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Demedts, I. K., Bracke, K. R., Van Pottelberge, G., Testelmans, D., Verleden, G. M., Vermassen, F. E., Joos, G. F., Brusselle, G. G. (2007). Accumulation of Dendritic Cells and Increased CCL20 Levels in the Airways of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175: 998-1005 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Katchar, K., Kelly, C. P., Keates, S., O'Brien, M. J., Keates, A. C. (2007). MIP-3{alpha} neutralizing monoclonal antibody protects against TNBS-induced colonic injury and inflammation in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292: G1263-G1271 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Meuter, S., Schaerli, P., Roos, R. S., Brandau, O., Bosl, M. R., von Andrian, U. H., Moser, B. (2007). Murine CXCL14 Is Dispensable for Dendritic Cell Function and Localization within Peripheral Tissues. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27: 983-992 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bogunovic, M., Ginhoux, F., Wagers, A., Loubeau, M., Isola, L. M., Lubrano, L., Najfeld, V., Phelps, R. G., Grosskreutz, C., Scigliano, E., Frenette, P. S., Merad, M. (2006). Identification of a radio-resistant and cycling dermal dendritic cell population in mice and men. JEM 203: 2627-2638 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pichavant, M., Taront, S., Jeannin, P., Breuilh, L., Charbonnier, A.-S., Spriet, C., Fourneau, C., Corvaia, N., Heliot, L., Brichet, A., Tonnel, A.-B., Delneste, Y., Gosset, P. (2006). Impact of Bronchial Epithelium on Dendritic Cell Migration and Function: Modulation by the Bacterial Motif KpOmpA. J. Immunol. 177: 5912-5919 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Melikoglu, M., Uysal, S., Krueger, J. G., Kaplan, G., Gogus, F., Yazici, H., Oliver, S. (2006). Characterization of the Divergent Wound-Healing Responses Occurring in the Pathergy Reaction and Normal Healthy Volunteers. J. Immunol. 177: 6415-6421 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bracke, K. R., D'hulst, A. I., Maes, T., Moerloose, K. B., Demedts, I. K., Lebecque, S., Joos, G. F., Brusselle, G. G. (2006). Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Emphysema Are Attenuated in CCR6-Deficient Mice. J. Immunol. 177: 4350-4359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yilmaz, A., Weber, J., Cicha, I., Stumpf, C., Klein, M., Raithel, D., Daniel, W. G., Garlichs, C. D. (2006). Decrease in Circulating Myeloid Dendritic Cell Precursors in Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 70-80 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bechetoille, N., Andre, V., Valladeau, J., Perrier, E., Dezutter-Dambuyant, C. (2006). Mixed Langerhans cell and interstitial/dermal dendritic cell subsets emanating from monocytes in Th2-mediated inflammatory conditions respond differently to proinflammatory stimuli. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 45-58 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tazi, A. (2006). Adult pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.. Eur Respir J 27: 1272-1285 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johanesen, P. A., Dwinell, M. B. (2006). Flagellin-Independent Regulation of Chemokine Host Defense in Campylobacter jejuni-Infected Intestinal Epithelium.. Infect. Immun. 74: 3437-3447 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, J. H., Kang, H. J., Woo, J.-S., Chae, S. W., Lee, S. H., Hwang, S. J., Lee, H.-M. (2006). Up-regulation of Chemokine Ligand 20 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132: 537-541 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Berlier, W., Cremel, M., Hamzeh, H., Levy, R., Lucht, F., Bourlet, T., Pozzetto, B., Delezay, O. (2006). Seminal plasma promotes the attraction of Langerhans cells via the secretion of CCL20 by vaginal epithelial cells: involvement in the sexual transmission of HIV. Hum Reprod 21: 1135-1142 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cumberbatch, M., Singh, M., Dearman, R. J., Young, H. S., Kimber, I., Griffiths, C. E.M. (2006). Impaired Langerhans cell migration in psoriasis. JEM 203: 953-960 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mende, I., Karsunky, H., Weissman, I. L., Engleman, E. G., Merad, M. (2006). Flk2+ myeloid progenitors are the main source of Langerhans cells. Blood 107: 1383-1390 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guess, J. C., McCance, D. J. (2005). Decreased Migration of Langerhans Precursor-Like Cells in Response to Human Keratinocytes Expressing Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6/E7 Is Related to Reduced Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3{alpha} Production. J. Virol. 79: 14852-14862 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rimoldi, M., Chieppa, M., Larghi, P., Vulcano, M., Allavena, P., Rescigno, M. (2005). Monocyte-derived dendritic cells activated by bacteria or by bacteria-stimulated epithelial cells are functionally different. Blood 106: 2818-2826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hausmann, M., Bataille, F., Spoettl, T., Schreiter, K., Falk, W., Schoelmerich, J., Herfarth, H., Rogler, G. (2005). Physiological Role of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3{alpha} Induction during Maturation of Intestinal Macrophages. J. Immunol. 175: 1389-1398 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cremel, M., Berlier, W., Hamzeh, H., Cognasse, F., Lawrence, P., Genin, C., Bernengo, J.-C., Lambert, C., Dieu-Nosjean, M.-C., Delezay, O. (2005). Characterization of CCL20 secretion by human epithelial vaginal cells: involvement in Langerhans cell precursor attraction. J. Leukoc. Biol. 78: 158-166 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Varona, R., Cadenas, V., Gomez, L., Martinez-A, C., Marquez, G. (2005). CCR6 regulates CD4+ T-cell-mediated acute graft-versus-host disease responses. Blood 106: 18-26 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gombert, M., Dieu-Nosjean, M.-C., Winterberg, F., Bunemann, E., Kubitza, R. C., Da Cunha, L., Haahtela, A., Lehtimaki, S., Muller, A., Rieker, J., Meller, S., Pivarcsi, A., Koreck, A., Fridman, W.-H., Zentgraf, H.-W., Pavenstadt, H., Amara, A., Caux, C., Kemeny, L., Alenius, H., Lauerma, A., Ruzicka, T., Zlotnik, A., Homey, B. (2005). CCL1-CCR8 Interactions: An Axis Mediating the Recruitment of T Cells and Langerhans-Type Dendritic Cells to Sites of Atopic Skin Inflammation. J. Immunol. 174: 5082-5091 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peterson, M. L., Ault, K., Kremer, M. J., Klingelhutz, A. J., Davis, C. C., Squier, C. A., Schlievert, P. M. (2005). The Innate Immune System Is Activated by Stimulation of Vaginal Epithelial Cells with Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1. Infect. Immun. 73: 2164-2174 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yamagami, S., Hamrah, P., Miyamoto, K., Miyazaki, D., Dekaris, I., Dawson, T., Lu, B., Gerard, C., Dana, M. R. (2005). CCR5 Chemokine Receptor Mediates Recruitment of MHC Class II-Positive Langerhans Cells in the Mouse Corneal Epithelium. IOVS 46: 1201-1207 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harder, J., Schroder, J.-M. (2005). Psoriatic scales: a promising source for the isolation of human skin-derived antimicrobial proteins. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77: 476-486 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thorley, A. J., Goldstraw, P., Young, A., Tetley, T. D. (2005). Primary Human Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cell CCL20 (Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3{alpha})-Induced Dendritic Cell Migration. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 32: 262-267 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Radeke, H. H., von Wenckstern, H., Stoidtner, K., Sauer, B., Hammer, S., Kleuser, B. (2005). Overlapping Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and TGF-{beta} in the Murine Langerhans Cell Line XS52. J. Immunol. 174: 2778-2786 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kohrgruber, N., Groger, M., Meraner, P., Kriehuber, E., Petzelbauer, P., Brandt, S., Stingl, G., Rot, A., Maurer, D. (2004). Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Recruitment by Immobilized CXCR3 Ligands. J. Immunol. 173: 6592-6602 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bonnotte, B., Crittenden, M., Larmonier, N., Gough, M., Vile, R. G. (2004). MIP-3{alpha} Transfection into a Rodent Tumor Cell Line Increases Intratumoral Dendritic Cell Infiltration but Enhances (Facilitates) Tumor Growth and Decreases Immunogenicity. J. Immunol. 173: 4929-4935 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chiu, B.-C., Freeman, C. M., Stolberg, V. R., Hu, J. S., Zeibecoglou, K., Lu, B., Gerard, C., Charo, I. F., Lira, S. A., Chensue, S. W. (2004). Impaired Lung Dendritic Cell Activation in CCR2 Knockout Mice. Am. J. Pathol. 165: 1199-1209 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Biragyn, A., Ruffini, P. A., Coscia, M., Harvey, L. K., Neelapu, S. S., Baskar, S., Wang, J.-M., Kwak, L. W. (2004). Chemokine receptor-mediated delivery directs self-tumor antigen efficiently into the class II processing pathway in vitro and induces protective immunity in vivo. Blood 104: 1961-1969 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schiavoni, G., Mattei, F., Borghi, P., Sestili, P., Venditti, M., Morse, H. C. III, Belardelli, F., Gabriele, L. (2004). ICSBP is critically involved in the normal development and trafficking of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. Blood 103: 2221-2228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kobayashi, H., Miura, S., Nagata, H., Tsuzuki, Y., Hokari, R., Ogino, T., Watanabe, C., Azuma, T., Ishii, H. (2004). In situ demonstration of dendritic cell migration from rat intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes: relationships to maturation and role of chemokines. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 434-442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Colvin, B. L., Morelli, A. E., Logar, A. J., Lau, A. H., Thomson, A. W. (2004). Comparative evaluation of CC chemokine-induced migration of murine CD8{alpha}+ and CD8{alpha}- dendritic cells and their in vivo trafficking. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 275-285 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, E., Trepicchio, W. L., Oestreicher, J. L., Pittman, D., Wang, F., Chamian, F., Dhodapkar, M., Krueger, J. G. (2004). Increased Expression of Interleukin 23 p19 and p40 in Lesional Skin of Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. JEM 199: 125-130 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhao, X., Sato, A., Dela Cruz, C. S., Linehan, M., Luegering, A., Kucharzik, T., Shirakawa, A.-K., Marquez, G., Farber, J. M., Williams, I., Iwasaki, A. (2003). CCL9 Is Secreted by the Follicle-Associated Epithelium and Recruits Dome Region Peyer's Patch CD11b+ Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 171: 2797-2803 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Reibman, J., Hsu, Y., Chen, L. C., Bleck, B., Gordon, T. (2003). Airway Epithelial Cells Release MIP-3{alpha}/CCL20 in Response to Cytokines and Ambient Particulate Matter. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 28: 648-654 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• de la Rosa, G., Longo, N., Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. L., Puig-Kroger, A., Pineda, A., Corbi, A. L., Sanchez-Mateos, P. (2003). Migration of human blood dendritic cells across endothelial cell monolayers: adhesion molecules and chemokines involved in subset-specific transmigration. J. Leukoc. Biol. 73: 639-649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bonnotte, B., Gough, M., Phan, V., Ahmed, A., Chong, H., Martin, F., Vile, R. G. (2003). Intradermal Injection, as Opposed to Subcutaneous Injection, Enhances Immunogenicity and Suppresses Tumorigenicity of Tumor Cells. Cancer Res. 63: 2145-2149 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fleming, M. D., Pinkus, J. L., Alexander, S. W., Tam, C., Loda, M., Sallan, S. E., Nichols, K. E., Carpentieri, D. F., Pinkus, G. S., Rollins, B. J. (2003). Coincident expression of the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR7 by pathologic Langerhans cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood 101: 2473-2475 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhou, X., Krueger, J. G., Kao, M.-C. J., Lee, E., Du, F., Menter, A., Wong, W. H., Bowcock, A. M. (2003). Novel mechanisms of T-cell and dendritic cell activation revealed by profiling of psoriasis on the 63,100-element oligonucleotide array. Physiol. Genomics 13: 69-78 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Choi, Y. K., Fallert, B. A., Murphey-Corb, M. A., Reinhart, T. A. (2003). Simian immunodeficiency virus dramatically alters expression of homeostatic chemokines and dendritic cell markers during infection in vivo. Blood 101: 1684-1691 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kwon, J H, Keates, S, Bassani, L, Mayer, L F, Keates, A C (2002). Colonic epithelial cells are a major site of macrophage inflammatory protein 3{alpha} (MIP-3{alpha}) production in normal colon and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 51: 818-826 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Maertzdorf, J., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Verjans, G. M. G. M. (2002). IL-17 Expression in Human Herpetic Stromal Keratitis: Modulatory Effects on Chemokine Production by Corneal Fibroblasts. J. Immunol. 169: 5897-5903 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lindstedt, M., Johansson-Lindbom, B., Borrebaeck, C. A. K. (2002). Global reprogramming of dendritic cells in response to a concerted action of inflammatory mediators. Int Immunol 14: 1203-1213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Valteau-Couanet, D., Leboulaire, C., Maincent, K., Tournier, M., Hartmann, O., Benard, J., Beaujean, F., Boccaccio, C., Zitvogel, L., Angevin, E. (2002). Dendritic cells for NK/LAK activation: rationale for multicellular immunotherapy in neuroblastoma patients. Blood 100: 2554-2561 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Biragyn, A., Belyakov, I. M., Chow, Y.-H., Dimitrov, D. S., Berzofsky, J. A., Kwak, L. W. (2002). DNA vaccines encoding human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein 120 fusions with proinflammatory chemoattractants induce systemic and mucosal immune responses. Blood 100: 1153-1159 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Page, G., Lebecque, S., Miossec, P. (2002). Anatomic Localization of Immature and Mature Dendritic Cells in an Ectopic Lymphoid Organ: Correlation with Selective Chemokine Expression in Rheumatoid Synovium. J. Immunol. 168: 5333-5341 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guironnet, G., Dezutter-Dambuyant, C., Bechetoille, C. V. N., Schmitt, D., Peguet-Navarro, J. (2002). Antagonistic effects of IL-4 and TGF-{beta}1 on Langerhans cell-related antigen expression by human monocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 71: 845-853 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Casamayor-Palleja, M., Mondiere, P., Verschelde, C., Bella, C., Defrance, T. (2002). BCR ligation reprograms B cells for migration to the T zone and B-cell follicle sequentially. Blood 99: 1913-1921 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Imaizumi, Y., Sugita, S., Yamamoto, K., Imanishi, D., Kohno, T., Tomonaga, M., Matsuyama, T. (2002). Human T cell leukemia virus type-I Tax activates human macrophage inflammatory protein-3{alpha}/CCL20 gene transcription via the NF-{kappa}B pathway. Int Immunol 14: 147-155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• del Hoyo, G. M., Martin, P., Arias, C. F., Marin, A. R., Ardavin, C. (2002). CD8alpha + dendritic cells originate from the CD8alpha - dendritic cell subset by a maturation process involving CD8alpha , DEC-205, and CD24 up-regulation. Blood 99: 999-1004 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lipscomb, M. F., Masten, B. J. (2002). Dendritic Cells: Immune Regulators in Health and Disease. Physiol. Rev. 82: 97-130 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Steinman, R. M., Nussenzweig, M. C. (2002). Avoiding horror autotoxicus: The importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.231606698v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Biragyn, A., Surenhu, M., Yang, D., Ruffini, P. A., Haines, B. A., Klyushnenkova, E., Oppenheim, J. J., Kwak, L. W. (2001). Mediators of Innate Immunity That Target Immature, But Not Mature, Dendritic Cells Induce Antitumor Immunity When Genetically Fused with Nonimmunogenic Tumor Antigens. J. Immunol. 167: 6644-6653 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sierro, F., Dubois, B., Coste, A., Kaiserlian, D., Kraehenbuhl, J.-P., Sirard, J.-C. (2001). Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 13722-13727 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dieu-Nosjean, M.-C., Massacrier, C., Vanbervliet, B., Fridman, W.-H., Caux, C. (2001). IL-10 Induces CCR6 Expression During Langerhans Cell Development While IL-4 and IFN-{gamma} Suppress It. J. Immunol. 167: 5594-5602 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fujita, N., Kagamu, H., Yoshizawa, H., Itoh, K., Kuriyama, H., Matsumoto, N., Ishiguro, T., Tanaka, J., Suzuki, E., Hamada, H., Gejyo, F. (2001). CD40 Ligand Promotes Priming of Fully Potent Antitumor CD4+ T Cells in Draining Lymph Nodes in the Presence of Apoptotic Tumor Cells. J. Immunol. 167: 5678-5688 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chabaud, M., Page, G., Miossec, P. (2001). Enhancing Effect of IL-1, IL-17, and TNF-{alpha} on Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3{alpha} Production in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Regulation by Soluble Receptors and Th2 Cytokines. J. Immunol. 167: 6015-6020 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fujiie, S., Hieshima, K., Izawa, D., Nakayama, T., Fujisawa, R., Ohyanagi, H., Yoshie, O. (2001). Proinflammatory cytokines induce liver and activation-regulated chemokine/macrophage inflammatory protein-3{alpha}/CCL20 in mucosal epithelial cells through NF-{kappa}B. Int Immunol 13: 1255-1263 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lukacs, N. W., Prosser, D. M., Wiekowski, M., Lira, S. A., Cook, D. N. (2001). Requirement for the Chemokine Receptor CCR6 in Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation. JEM 194: 551-556 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Penna, G., Sozzani, S., Adorini, L. (2001). Cutting Edge: Selective Usage of Chemokine Receptors by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 167: 1862-1866 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Etchart, N., Desmoulins, P.-O., Chemin, K., Maliszewski, C., Dubois, B., Wild, F., Kaiserlian, D. (2001). Dendritic Cells Recruitment and In Vivo Priming of CD8+ CTL Induced by a Single Topical or Transepithelial Immunization Via the Buccal Mucosa with Measles Virus Nucleoprotein. J. Immunol. 167: 384-391 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Steinman, R. M., Nussenzweig, M. C. (2002). Inaugural Article: Avoiding horror autotoxicus: The importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 351-358 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search

TABLE OF CONTENTS