The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published online 19 June 2000.
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2000/6/2159/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 191, Number 12, June 19, 2000 2159-2170

Original Article

CD4+ T Cell Subsets during Virus Infection: Protective Capacity Depends on Effector Cytokine Secretion and on Migratory Capability

Kevin J. Maloya, Christoph Burkharta, Tobias M. Junta, Bernhard Odermatta, Annette Oxeniusa, Luca Pialib, Rolf M. Zinkernagela, and Hans Hengartnera
a Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
b Department of Research, University Children's Hospital, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland

Correspondence to: Kevin J. Maloy, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 6 Rm. 6602, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Tel:44-1865-220410 Fax:44-1865-768876 E-mail:kevin.maloy{at}nds.ox.ac.uk.

To analyze the antiviral protective capacities of CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subsets, we used transgenic T cells expressing an I-Ab–restricted T cell receptor specific for an epitope of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). After polarization into Th1 or Th2 effectors and adoptive transfer into T cell–deficient recipients, protective capacities were assessed after infection with different types of viruses expressing the VSV-G. Both Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells could transfer protection against systemic VSV infection, by stimulating the production of neutralizing immunoglobulin G antibodies. However, only Th1 CD4+ T cells were able to mediate protection against infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the VSV-G (Vacc-IND-G). Similarly, only Th1 CD4+ T cells were able to rapidly eradicate Vacc-IND-G from peripheral organs, to mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity responses against VSV-G and to protect against lethal intranasal infection with VSV. Protective capacity correlated with the ability of Th1 CD4+ T cells to rapidly migrate to peripheral inflammatory sites in vivo and to respond to inflammatory chemokines that were induced after virus infection of peripheral tissues. Therefore, the antiviral protective capacity of a given CD4+ T cell is governed by the effector cytokines it produces and by its migratory capability.

Key Words: Th1/Th2 cells, vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia, chemokines, migration


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