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J. Exp. Med., Volume 190, Number 1, July 5, 1999 9-20
Copyright © 1999 by The Rockefeller University Press.

Interleukin 15 Induces Endothelial Hyaluronan Expression In Vitro and Promotes Activated T Cell Extravasation through a CD44-dependent Pathway In Vivo

Pila Estessa, Animesh Nandia, Mansour Mohamadzadeha, and Mark H. Siegelmana
a From the Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9072

Correspondence to: Mark H. Siegelman

T cell recruitment to extralymphoid tissues is fundamental to the initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory state during immune and autoimmune responses. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a proinflammatory cytokine whose described functions largely overlap with those of IL-2. The latter is attributable in large part to its binding of the heterotrimeric receptor that contains the ß and {gamma} chains of the IL-2R in combination with an unique IL-15R{alpha} chain. However, unlike IL-2, IL-15 and its receptor have a wide tissue and cell type distribution, including endothelial cells. Here, we examine the effect of IL-15 on hyaluronan expression by endothelial cells, and investigate its role in vivo in promoting the extravasation of antigen-activated T cells through a CD44-dependent pathway. The expression of hyaluronan on primary endothelial cells and microvascular endothelial cell lines is induced by IL-15, whereas IL-2 has no such activity. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of IL-15 or TNF-{alpha} in the absence of other exogenous proinflammatory stimuli allows the extravasation of superantigen-stimulated T cells into this site in vivo in a CD44-dependent manner. T cell recruitment induced by IL-15 requires expression of an intact IL-2Rß chain, indicating that IL-15 operates in this context through the traditional IL-15R. The results suggest that IL-15 can regulate endothelial cell function and thereby enables a CD44-initiated adhesion pathway that facilitates entry of activated T lymphocytes into inflammatory sites. They further demonstrate a novel role for IL-15 (distinct from any of IL-2) in regulating microvascular endothelial cell adhesive function, help to understand the role of IL-15R expression on endothelium, and further support a central position for this cytokine in orchestrating multiple sequential aspects of T cell effector function and therefore chronic inflammatory processes.

Key Words: CD44, endothelial cell, hyaluronate, interleukin 15, lymphocyte adhesion


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